Standard finite trees

Content created by Fredrik Bakke, Jonathan Prieto-Cubides, Egbert Rijke and Eléonore Mangel.

Created on 2022-03-07.
Last modified on 2023-05-01.

module univalent-combinatorics.standard-finite-trees where
Imports 
open import elementary-number-theory.maximum-natural-numbers
open import elementary-number-theory.natural-numbers
open import elementary-number-theory.sums-of-natural-numbers

open import foundation.cartesian-product-types
open import foundation.empty-types
open import foundation.identity-types
open import foundation.unit-type
open import foundation.universe-levels

open import univalent-combinatorics.standard-finite-types

Idea

A standard finite tree is a finite tree that branches by standard finite sets. In contexts where one wouldn’t be interested in considering finite trees to be the same if they differ up to a permutation of trees, people simply call our standard finite trees finite trees. From a univalent perspective, however, a finite tree is a tree built out of finite types, not just the standard finite types. Sometimes, standard finite trees are called planar finite trees, to emphasize that the branching types Fin n record the order in which the branches occur.

Definition

data Tree-Fin : UU lzero where
  tree-Fin : (n : ℕ) → (Fin n → Tree-Fin) → Tree-Fin

root-Tree-Fin : Tree-Fin
root-Tree-Fin = tree-Fin zero-ℕ ex-falso

number-nodes-Tree-Fin : Tree-Fin → ℕ
number-nodes-Tree-Fin (tree-Fin zero-ℕ _) = zero-ℕ
number-nodes-Tree-Fin (tree-Fin (succ-ℕ n) f) =
  succ-ℕ (sum-Fin-ℕ (succ-ℕ n) (λ k → number-nodes-Tree-Fin (f k)))

height-Tree-Fin : Tree-Fin → ℕ
height-Tree-Fin (tree-Fin zero-ℕ f) = zero-ℕ
height-Tree-Fin (tree-Fin (succ-ℕ n) f) =
  succ-ℕ (max-Fin-ℕ (succ-ℕ n) (λ k → height-Tree-Fin (f k)))

is-leaf-Tree-Fin : Tree-Fin → UU lzero
is-leaf-Tree-Fin (tree-Fin zero-ℕ _) = unit
is-leaf-Tree-Fin (tree-Fin (succ-ℕ n) _) = empty

is-full-binary-Tree-Fin : Tree-Fin → UU lzero
is-full-binary-Tree-Fin (tree-Fin zero-ℕ f) = unit
is-full-binary-Tree-Fin (tree-Fin (succ-ℕ n) f) =
  (Id 2 n) × ((k : Fin (succ-ℕ n)) → is-full-binary-Tree-Fin (f k))

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