Equivalences of directed trees

Content created by Egbert Rijke, Fredrik Bakke and Jonathan Prieto-Cubides.

Created on 2023-01-29.
Last modified on 2024-01-31.

module trees.equivalences-directed-trees where
Imports 
open import foundation.action-on-identifications-functions
open import foundation.binary-transport
open import foundation.contractible-types
open import foundation.coproduct-types
open import foundation.dependent-pair-types
open import foundation.empty-types
open import foundation.equivalences
open import foundation.function-types
open import foundation.functoriality-dependent-pair-types
open import foundation.homotopies
open import foundation.identity-types
open import foundation.subtype-identity-principle
open import foundation.torsorial-type-families
open import foundation.transport-along-identifications
open import foundation.universe-levels

open import graph-theory.equivalences-directed-graphs
open import graph-theory.walks-directed-graphs

open import trees.directed-trees
open import trees.morphisms-directed-trees
open import trees.rooted-morphisms-directed-trees

Idea

Equivalences of directed trees are morphisms of directed trees of which the actions on nodes and on edges are both equivalences. In other words, equivalences of directed trees are just equivalences between their underlying directed graphs.

Definitions

The condition of being an equivalence of directed trees

is-equiv-hom-Directed-Tree :
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4) →
  hom-Directed-Tree S T → UU (l1 ⊔ l2 ⊔ l3 ⊔ l4)
is-equiv-hom-Directed-Tree S T =
  is-equiv-hom-Directed-Graph (graph-Directed-Tree S) (graph-Directed-Tree T)

Equivalences of directed trees

equiv-Directed-Tree :
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4) →
  UU (l1 ⊔ l2 ⊔ l3 ⊔ l4)
equiv-Directed-Tree S T =
  equiv-Directed-Graph (graph-Directed-Tree S) (graph-Directed-Tree T)

equiv-is-equiv-hom-Directed-Tree :
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4) →
  (f : hom-Directed-Tree S T) → is-equiv-hom-Directed-Tree S T f →
  equiv-Directed-Tree S T
equiv-is-equiv-hom-Directed-Tree S T =
  equiv-is-equiv-hom-Directed-Graph
    ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
    ( graph-Directed-Tree T)

compute-equiv-Directed-Tree :
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4) →
  equiv-Directed-Tree S T ≃
  Σ (hom-Directed-Tree S T) (is-equiv-hom-Directed-Tree S T)
compute-equiv-Directed-Tree S T =
  compute-equiv-Directed-Graph
    ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
    ( graph-Directed-Tree T)

module _
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4)
  (e : equiv-Directed-Tree S T)
  where

  equiv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    node-Directed-Tree S ≃ node-Directed-Tree T
  equiv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    equiv-vertex-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  node-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    node-Directed-Tree S → node-Directed-Tree T
  node-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    vertex-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  is-equiv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree : is-equiv node-equiv-Directed-Tree
  is-equiv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-equiv-vertex-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  inv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    node-Directed-Tree T → node-Directed-Tree S
  inv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    inv-vertex-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  is-section-inv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree ∘ inv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree) ~ id
  is-section-inv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-section-inv-vertex-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  is-retraction-inv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    ( inv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree ∘ node-equiv-Directed-Tree) ~ id
  is-retraction-inv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-retraction-inv-vertex-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  equiv-edge-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x y : node-Directed-Tree S) →
    edge-Directed-Tree S x y ≃
    edge-Directed-Tree T
      ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree x)
      ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree y)
  equiv-edge-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    equiv-edge-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  edge-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x y : node-Directed-Tree S) →
    edge-Directed-Tree S x y →
    edge-Directed-Tree T
      ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree x)
      ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree y)
  edge-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    edge-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  is-equiv-edge-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x y : node-Directed-Tree S) → is-equiv (edge-equiv-Directed-Tree x y)
  is-equiv-edge-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-equiv-edge-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  hom-equiv-Directed-Tree : hom-Directed-Tree S T
  hom-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    hom-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  is-equiv-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    is-equiv-hom-Directed-Tree S T hom-equiv-Directed-Tree
  is-equiv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-equiv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  equiv-direct-predecessor-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x : node-Directed-Tree S) →
    ( Σ (node-Directed-Tree S) (λ y → edge-Directed-Tree S y x)) ≃
    ( Σ ( node-Directed-Tree T)
        ( λ y → edge-Directed-Tree T y (node-equiv-Directed-Tree x)))
  equiv-direct-predecessor-equiv-Directed-Tree x =
    equiv-Σ
      ( λ y → edge-Directed-Tree T y (node-equiv-Directed-Tree x))
      ( equiv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree)
      ( λ y → equiv-edge-equiv-Directed-Tree y x)

  direct-predecessor-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x : node-Directed-Tree S) →
    Σ (node-Directed-Tree S) (λ y → edge-Directed-Tree S y x) →
    Σ ( node-Directed-Tree T)
      ( λ y → edge-Directed-Tree T y (node-equiv-Directed-Tree x))
  direct-predecessor-equiv-Directed-Tree x =
    map-equiv (equiv-direct-predecessor-equiv-Directed-Tree x)

  equiv-walk-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    {x y : node-Directed-Tree S} →
    walk-Directed-Tree S x y ≃
    walk-Directed-Tree T
      ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree x)
      ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree y)
  equiv-walk-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    equiv-walk-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  walk-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    {x y : node-Directed-Tree S} →
    walk-Directed-Tree S x y →
    walk-Directed-Tree T
      ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree x)
      ( node-equiv-Directed-Tree y)
  walk-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    walk-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

Identity equivalences of directed trees

id-equiv-Directed-Tree :
  {l1 l2 : Level} (T : Directed-Tree l1 l2) → equiv-Directed-Tree T T
id-equiv-Directed-Tree T = id-equiv-Directed-Graph (graph-Directed-Tree T)

Composition of equivalences of directed trees

module _
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 : Level}
  (R : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (S : Directed-Tree l3 l4) (T : Directed-Tree l5 l6)
  (g : equiv-Directed-Tree S T) (f : equiv-Directed-Tree R S)
  where

  comp-equiv-Directed-Tree : equiv-Directed-Tree R T
  comp-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    comp-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree R)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( g)
      ( f)

  equiv-node-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    node-Directed-Tree R ≃ node-Directed-Tree T
  equiv-node-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    equiv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree R T comp-equiv-Directed-Tree

  node-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    node-Directed-Tree R → node-Directed-Tree T
  node-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    node-equiv-Directed-Tree R T comp-equiv-Directed-Tree

  equiv-edge-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x y : node-Directed-Tree R) →
    edge-Directed-Tree R x y ≃
    edge-Directed-Tree T
      ( node-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree x)
      ( node-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree y)
  equiv-edge-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    equiv-edge-equiv-Directed-Tree R T comp-equiv-Directed-Tree

  edge-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x y : node-Directed-Tree R) →
    edge-Directed-Tree R x y →
    edge-Directed-Tree T
      ( node-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree x)
      ( node-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree y)
  edge-comp-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    edge-equiv-Directed-Tree R T comp-equiv-Directed-Tree

Homotopies of equivalences of directed trees

module _
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4)
  (f g : equiv-Directed-Tree S T)
  where

  htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree : UU (l1 ⊔ l2 ⊔ l3 ⊔ l4)
  htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    htpy-hom-Directed-Tree S T
      ( hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T f)
      ( hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T g)

  node-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree →
    node-equiv-Directed-Tree S T f ~ node-equiv-Directed-Tree S T g
  node-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    node-htpy-hom-Directed-Tree S T
      ( hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T f)
      ( hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T g)

  edge-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (α : htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree) (x y : node-Directed-Tree S)
    (e : edge-Directed-Tree S x y) →
    binary-tr
      ( edge-Directed-Tree T)
      ( node-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree α x)
      ( node-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree α y)
      ( edge-equiv-Directed-Tree S T f x y e) ＝
    edge-equiv-Directed-Tree S T g x y e
  edge-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    edge-htpy-hom-Directed-Tree S T
      ( hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T f)
      ( hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T g)

The reflexivity homotopy of equivalences of directed trees

refl-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree :
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4)
  (f : equiv-Directed-Tree S T) → htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree S T f f
refl-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree S T f =
  refl-htpy-hom-Directed-Tree S T (hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T f)

Properties

Homotopies characterize the identity type of equivalences of directed trees

module _
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4)
  (e : equiv-Directed-Tree S T)
  where

  is-torsorial-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    is-torsorial (htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree S T e)
  is-torsorial-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-torsorial-htpy-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  htpy-eq-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (f : equiv-Directed-Tree S T) → (e ＝ f) → htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree S T e f
  htpy-eq-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    htpy-eq-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  is-equiv-htpy-eq-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (f : equiv-Directed-Tree S T) → is-equiv (htpy-eq-equiv-Directed-Tree f)
  is-equiv-htpy-eq-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-equiv-htpy-eq-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  extensionality-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (f : equiv-Directed-Tree S T) → (e ＝ f) ≃ htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree S T e f
  extensionality-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    extensionality-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

  eq-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (f : equiv-Directed-Tree S T) → htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree S T e f → e ＝ f
  eq-htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    eq-htpy-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( e)

Equivalences of directed trees preserve the root

module _
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4)
  (f : hom-Directed-Tree S T)
  where

  preserves-root-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree :
    is-equiv (node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f) →
    preserves-root-hom-Directed-Tree S T f
  preserves-root-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree H =
    ( inv (is-section-map-inv-is-equiv H (root-Directed-Tree T))) ∙
    ( inv
      ( ap
        ( node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f)
        ( is-root-is-root-node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f
          ( map-inv-is-equiv H (root-Directed-Tree T))
          ( inv (is-section-map-inv-is-equiv H (root-Directed-Tree T))))))

module _
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4)
  (e : equiv-Directed-Tree S T)
  where

  preserves-root-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    preserves-root-hom-Directed-Tree S T (hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T e)
  preserves-root-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    preserves-root-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree S T
      ( hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T e)
      ( is-equiv-node-equiv-Directed-Tree S T e)

  rooted-hom-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    rooted-hom-Directed-Tree S T
  pr1 rooted-hom-equiv-Directed-Tree = hom-equiv-Directed-Tree S T e
  pr2 rooted-hom-equiv-Directed-Tree = preserves-root-equiv-Directed-Tree

Equivalences characterize identifications of trees

module _
  {l1 l2 : Level} (T : Directed-Tree l1 l2)
  where

  extensionality-Directed-Tree :
    (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) → (T ＝ S) ≃ equiv-Directed-Tree T S
  extensionality-Directed-Tree =
    extensionality-type-subtype
      ( is-tree-directed-graph-Prop)
      ( is-tree-Directed-Tree T)
      ( id-equiv-Directed-Graph (graph-Directed-Tree T))
      ( extensionality-Directed-Graph (graph-Directed-Tree T))

  equiv-eq-Directed-Tree :
    (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) → (T ＝ S) → equiv-Directed-Tree T S
  equiv-eq-Directed-Tree S = map-equiv (extensionality-Directed-Tree S)

  eq-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) → equiv-Directed-Tree T S → (T ＝ S)
  eq-equiv-Directed-Tree S = map-inv-equiv (extensionality-Directed-Tree S)

  is-torsorial-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    is-torsorial (equiv-Directed-Tree T)
  is-torsorial-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-contr-equiv'
      ( Σ (Directed-Tree l1 l2) (λ S → T ＝ S))
      ( equiv-tot extensionality-Directed-Tree)
      ( is-torsorial-Id T)

A morphism of directed trees is an equivalence if it is an equivalence on the nodes

module _
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4)
  (f : hom-Directed-Tree S T)
  where

  is-equiv-total-edge-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree :
    is-equiv (node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f) → (x : node-Directed-Tree S) →
    is-equiv
      ( map-Σ
        ( edge-Directed-Tree T (node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f x))
        ( node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f)
        ( λ y → edge-hom-Directed-Tree S T f {x} {y}))
  is-equiv-total-edge-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree H x with
    is-isolated-root-Directed-Tree S x
  ... | inl refl =
    is-equiv-is-empty _
      ( λ u →
        no-direct-successor-root-Directed-Tree T
          ( tr
            ( λ v → Σ (node-Directed-Tree T) (edge-Directed-Tree T v))
            ( inv (preserves-root-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f H))
            ( u)))
  ... | inr p =
    is-equiv-is-contr _
      ( unique-direct-successor-is-proper-node-Directed-Tree S x p)
      ( unique-direct-successor-is-proper-node-Directed-Tree T
        ( node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f x)
        ( is-not-root-node-hom-is-not-root-Directed-Tree S T f x p))

  is-equiv-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree :
    is-equiv (node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f) →
    is-equiv-hom-Directed-Tree S T f
  pr1 (is-equiv-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree H) = H
  pr2 (is-equiv-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree H) x =
    is-fiberwise-equiv-is-equiv-map-Σ
      ( edge-Directed-Tree T (node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f x))
      ( node-hom-Directed-Tree S T f)
      ( λ y → edge-hom-Directed-Tree S T f {x} {y})
      ( H)
      ( is-equiv-total-edge-is-equiv-node-hom-Directed-Tree H x)

The inverse of an equivalence of directed trees

module _
  {l1 l2 l3 l4 : Level} (S : Directed-Tree l1 l2) (T : Directed-Tree l3 l4)
  (f : equiv-Directed-Tree S T)
  where

  inv-equiv-Directed-Tree : equiv-Directed-Tree T S
  inv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    inv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( f)

  hom-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree : hom-Directed-Tree T S
  hom-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    hom-inv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( f)

  equiv-node-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    node-Directed-Tree T ≃ node-Directed-Tree S
  equiv-node-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    equiv-vertex-inv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( f)

  node-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    node-Directed-Tree T → node-Directed-Tree S
  node-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    vertex-inv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( f)

  edge-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x y : node-Directed-Tree T) →
    edge-Directed-Tree T x y →
    edge-Directed-Tree S
      ( node-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree x)
      ( node-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree y)
  edge-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    edge-inv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( f)

  equiv-edge-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    (x y : node-Directed-Tree T) →
    edge-Directed-Tree T x y ≃
    edge-Directed-Tree S
      ( node-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree x)
      ( node-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree y)
  equiv-edge-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    equiv-edge-inv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( f)

  is-section-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree T T
      ( comp-equiv-Directed-Tree T S T f inv-equiv-Directed-Tree)
      ( id-equiv-Directed-Tree T)
  is-section-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-section-inv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( f)

  is-retraction-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree :
    htpy-equiv-Directed-Tree S S
      ( comp-equiv-Directed-Tree S T S inv-equiv-Directed-Tree f)
      ( id-equiv-Directed-Tree S)
  is-retraction-inv-equiv-Directed-Tree =
    is-retraction-inv-equiv-Directed-Graph
      ( graph-Directed-Tree S)
      ( graph-Directed-Tree T)
      ( f)

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