Unital binary operations

Content created by Fredrik Bakke, Jonathan Prieto-Cubides, Egbert Rijke, Victor Blanchi and favonia.

Created on 2022-06-10.
Last modified on 2023-09-12.

module foundation.unital-binary-operations where
Imports 
open import foundation.action-on-identifications-functions
open import foundation.dependent-pair-types
open import foundation.universe-levels

open import foundation-core.cartesian-product-types
open import foundation-core.homotopies
open import foundation-core.identity-types
open import foundation-core.whiskering-homotopies

Idea

A binary operation of type A → A → A is unital if there is a unit of type A that satisfies both the left and right unit laws. Furthermore, a binary operation is coherently unital if the proofs of the left and right unit laws agree on the case where both arguments of the operation are the unit.

Definitions

Unit laws

module _
  {l : Level} {A : UU l} (μ : A → A → A) (e : A)
  where

  left-unit-law : UU l
  left-unit-law = (x : A) → μ e x ＝ x

  right-unit-law : UU l
  right-unit-law = (x : A) → μ x e ＝ x

  coh-unit-laws : left-unit-law → right-unit-law → UU l
  coh-unit-laws α β = (α e ＝ β e)

  unit-laws : UU l
  unit-laws = left-unit-law × right-unit-law

  coherent-unit-laws : UU l
  coherent-unit-laws =
    Σ left-unit-law (λ α → Σ right-unit-law (coh-unit-laws α))

Unital binary operations

is-unital : {l : Level} {A : UU l} (μ : A → A → A) → UU l
is-unital {A = A} μ = Σ A (unit-laws μ)

Coherently unital binary operations

is-coherently-unital : {l : Level} {A : UU l} (μ : A → A → A) → UU l
is-coherently-unital {A = A} μ = Σ A (coherent-unit-laws μ)

Properties

The unit laws for an operation μ with unit e can be upgraded to coherent unit laws

module _
  {l : Level} {A : UU l} (μ : A → A → A) {e : A}
  where

  coherent-unit-laws-unit-laws : unit-laws μ e → coherent-unit-laws μ e
  pr1 (coherent-unit-laws-unit-laws (pair H K)) = H
  pr1 (pr2 (coherent-unit-laws-unit-laws (pair H K))) x =
    ( inv (ap (μ x) (K e))) ∙ (( ap (μ x) (H e)) ∙ (K x))
  pr2 (pr2 (coherent-unit-laws-unit-laws (pair H K))) =
    left-transpose-eq-concat
      ( ap (μ e) (K e))
      ( H e)
      ( (ap (μ e) (H e)) ∙ (K e))
      ( ( inv-nat-htpy-id (H) (K e)) ∙
        ( ap (concat' (μ e (μ e e)) (K e)) (coh-htpy-id (H) e)))

module _
  {l : Level} {A : UU l} {μ : A → A → A}
  where

  is-coherently-unital-is-unital : is-unital μ → is-coherently-unital μ
  pr1 (is-coherently-unital-is-unital (pair e H)) = e
  pr2 (is-coherently-unital-is-unital (pair e H)) =
    coherent-unit-laws-unit-laws μ H

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