Library UniMath.CategoryTheory.limits.products

Direct implementation of indexed products together with:
Written by: Anders Mörtberg 2016

Definition of indexed products of objects in a precategory

Section product_def.

Variable (I : UU) (C : precategory).

Definition isProduct (c : (i : I), C) (p : C)
  (pi : i, p --> c i) :=
   (a : C) (f : i, a --> c i),
    ∃! (fap : a --> p), i, fap · pi i = f i.

Definition Product (ci : i, C) :=
   pp1p2 : ( p : C, i, p --> ci i),
    isProduct ci (pr1 pp1p2) (pr2 pp1p2).

Definition Products := (ci : i, C), Product ci.
Definition hasProducts := (ci : i, C), Product ci .

Definition ProductObject {c : i, C} (P : Product c) : C := pr1 (pr1 P).
Definition ProductPr {c : i, C} (P : Product c) : i, ProductObject P --> c i :=
  pr2 (pr1 P).

Definition isProduct_Product {c : i, C} (P : Product c) :
   isProduct c (ProductObject P) (ProductPr P).
 Proof.
  exact (pr2 P).
Defined.

Definition ProductArrow {c : i, C} (P : Product c) {a : C} (f : i, a --> c i)
  : a --> ProductObject P.
Proof.
  apply (pr1 (pr1 (isProduct_Product P _ f))).
Defined.

Lemma ProductPrCommutes (c : i, C) (P : Product c) :
      (a : C) (f : i, a --> c i) i, ProductArrow P f · ProductPr P i = f i.
Proof.
  intros a f i.
  apply (pr2 (pr1 (isProduct_Product P _ f)) i).
Qed.

Lemma ProductPr_idtoiso {i1 i2 : I} (a : I C) (P : Product a)
      (e : i1 = i2) :
  ProductPr P i1 · idtoiso (maponpaths a e) = ProductPr P i2.
Proof.
  induction e.
  apply id_right.
Qed.

Lemma ProductArrowUnique (c : i, C) (P : Product c) (x : C)
    (f : i, x --> c i) (k : x --> ProductObject P)
    (Hk : i, k · ProductPr P i = f i) : k = ProductArrow P f.
Proof.
  set (H' := pr2 (isProduct_Product P _ f) (k,,Hk)).
  apply (base_paths _ _ H').
Qed.

Definition mk_Product (a : i, C) :
   (c : C) (f : i, Cc,a i), isProduct _ _ f Product a.
Proof.
  intros c f X.
  exact (tpair _ (c,,f) X).
Defined.

Definition mk_isProduct (hsC : has_homsets C) (a : I C) (p : C)
  (pa : i, Cp,a i) : ( (c : C) (f : i, Cc,a i),
                                  ∃! k : Cc,p, i, k · pa i = f i)
                              isProduct a p pa.
Proof.
intros H c cc; apply H.
Defined.

Lemma ProductArrowEta (c : i, C) (P : Product c) (x : C)
    (f : x --> ProductObject P) :
    f = ProductArrow P (λ i, f · ProductPr P i).
Proof.
  now apply ProductArrowUnique.
Qed.

Definition ProductOfArrows {c : i, C} (Pc : Product c) {a : i, C}
    (Pa : Product a) (f : i, a i --> c i) :
      ProductObject Pa --> ProductObject Pc :=
    ProductArrow Pc (λ i, ProductPr Pa i · f i).

Lemma ProductOfArrowsPr {c : i, C} (Pc : Product c) {a : i, C}
    (Pa : Product a) (f : i, a i --> c i) :
     i, ProductOfArrows Pc Pa f · ProductPr Pc i = ProductPr Pa i · f i.
Proof.
  unfold ProductOfArrows; intro i.
  now rewrite (ProductPrCommutes _ _ _ _ i).
Qed.

Lemma postcompWithProductArrow {c : i, C} (Pc : Product c) {a : i, C}
    (Pa : Product a) (f : i, a i --> c i)
    {x : C} (k : i, x --> a i) :
        ProductArrow Pa k · ProductOfArrows Pc Pa f =
        ProductArrow Pc (λ i, k i · f i).
Proof.
apply ProductArrowUnique; intro i.
now rewrite <- assoc, ProductOfArrowsPr, assoc, ProductPrCommutes.
Qed.

Lemma precompWithProductArrow {c : i, C} (Pc : Product c)
  {a : C} (f : i, a --> c i) {x : C} (k : x --> a) :
       k · ProductArrow Pc f = ProductArrow Pc (λ i, k · f i).
Proof.
apply ProductArrowUnique; intro i.
now rewrite <- assoc, ProductPrCommutes.
Qed.

End product_def.

Section Products.

Variables (I : UU) (C : precategory) (CC : Products I C).

Definition ProductOfArrows_comp (a b c : (i : I), C)
  (f : i, a i --> b i) (g : i, b i --> c i)
  : ProductOfArrows _ _ _ _ f · ProductOfArrows _ _ _ (CC _) g
    = ProductOfArrows _ _ (CC _) (CC _) (λ i, f i · g i).
Proof.
apply ProductArrowUnique; intro i.
rewrite <- assoc, ProductOfArrowsPr.
now rewrite assoc, ProductOfArrowsPr, assoc.
Qed.


End Products.

Section Product_unique.

Variables (I : UU) (C : precategory).
Variable CC : Products I C.
Variables a : (i : I), C.

Lemma Product_endo_is_identity (P : Product _ _ a)
  (k : ProductObject _ _ P --> ProductObject _ _ P)
  (H1 : i, k · ProductPr _ _ P i = ProductPr _ _ P i)
  : identity _ = k.
Proof.
  apply pathsinv0.
  eapply pathscomp0.
  apply ProductArrowEta.
  apply pathsinv0.
  apply ProductArrowUnique; intro i; apply pathsinv0.
  now rewrite id_left, H1.
Qed.

End Product_unique.

The product functor: C^I -> C

Section product_functor.

Context (I : UU) {C : precategory} (PC : Products I C).

Definition product_functor_data :
  functor_data (power_precategory I C) C.
Proof.
use tpair.
- intros p.
  apply (ProductObject _ _ (PC p)).
- simpl; intros p q f.
  exact (ProductOfArrows _ _ _ _ f).
Defined.

Definition product_functor : functor (power_precategory I C) C.
Proof.
apply (tpair _ product_functor_data).
abstract (split;
  [ now intro x; simpl; apply pathsinv0, Product_endo_is_identity;
        intro i; rewrite ProductOfArrowsPr, id_right
  | now intros x y z f g; simpl; rewrite ProductOfArrows_comp]).
Defined.

End product_functor.

Definition product_of_functors_alt
  (I : UU) {C D : precategory} (HD : Products I D)
  (F : (i : I), functor C D) : functor C D :=
   functor_composite (delta_functor I C)
     (functor_composite (family_functor _ F) (product_functor _ HD)).

Products lift to functor categories

Section def_functor_pointwise_prod.

Variables (I : UU) (C D : precategory).
Variable HD : Products I D.
Variable hsD : has_homsets D.

Section product_of_functors.

Variables F : I functor C D.

Definition product_of_functors_ob (c : C) : D :=
  ProductObject _ _ (HD (λ i, F i c)).

Definition product_of_functors_mor (c c' : C) (f : c --> c') :
  product_of_functors_ob c --> product_of_functors_ob c' :=
    ProductOfArrows _ _ _ _ (λ i, # (F i) f).

Definition product_of_functors_data : functor_data C D.
Proof.
   product_of_functors_ob.
  exact product_of_functors_mor.
Defined.

Lemma is_functor_product_of_functors_data : is_functor product_of_functors_data.
Proof.
split; simpl; intros.
- unfold functor_idax; intros; simpl in ×.
    apply pathsinv0.
    apply Product_endo_is_identity; intro i.
    unfold product_of_functors_mor.
    eapply pathscomp0; [apply (ProductOfArrowsPr _ _ (HD (λ i, (F i) a)))|].
    now simpl; rewrite functor_id, id_right.
- unfold functor_compax; simpl; unfold product_of_functors_mor.
  intros; simpl in ×.
  apply pathsinv0.
  eapply pathscomp0.
  apply ProductOfArrows_comp.
  apply maponpaths, funextsec; intro i.
  now rewrite functor_comp.
Qed.

Definition product_of_functors : functor C D :=
  tpair _ _ is_functor_product_of_functors_data.

Lemma product_of_functors_alt_eq_product_of_functors :
  product_of_functors_alt _ HD F = product_of_functors.
Proof.
now apply (functor_eq _ _ hsD).
Defined.

Definition product_nat_trans_pr_data i (c : C) :
  D product_of_functors c, (F i) c :=
  ProductPr _ _ (HD (λ j, (F j) c)) i.

Lemma is_nat_trans_product_nat_trans_pr_data i :
  is_nat_trans _ _ (product_nat_trans_pr_data i).
Proof.
intros c c' f.
apply (ProductOfArrowsPr I _ (HD (λ i, F i c')) (HD (λ i, F i c))).
Qed.

Definition product_nat_trans_pr i : nat_trans product_of_functors (F i) :=
  tpair _ _ (is_nat_trans_product_nat_trans_pr_data i).

Section vertex.

The product morphism of a diagram with vertex A

Variable A : functor C D.
Variable f : i, nat_trans A (F i).

Definition product_nat_trans_data c :
  A c --> product_of_functors c:=
    ProductArrow _ _ _ (λ i, f i c).

Lemma is_nat_trans_product_nat_trans_data :
  is_nat_trans _ _ product_nat_trans_data.
Proof.
intros a b k; simpl.
eapply pathscomp0; [apply precompWithProductArrow|].
apply pathsinv0.
eapply pathscomp0; [apply postcompWithProductArrow|].
apply maponpaths, funextsec; intro i.
now rewrite (nat_trans_ax (f i)).
Qed.

Definition product_nat_trans : nat_trans A product_of_functors
  := tpair _ _ is_nat_trans_product_nat_trans_data.

End vertex.

Definition functor_precat_product_cone
  : Product I [C, D, hsD] F.
Proof.
use mk_Product.
- apply product_of_functors.
- apply product_nat_trans_pr.
- use mk_isProduct.
  + apply functor_category_has_homsets.
  + intros A f.
    use tpair.
    × apply (tpair _ (product_nat_trans A f)).
      abstract (intro i; apply (nat_trans_eq hsD); intro c;
                apply (ProductPrCommutes I D _ (HD (λ j, (F j) c)))).
    × abstract (
        intro t; apply subtypeEquality; simpl;
          [intro; apply impred; intro; apply (isaset_nat_trans hsD)|];
        apply (nat_trans_eq hsD); intro c;
        apply ProductArrowUnique; intro i;
        apply (nat_trans_eq_pointwise (pr2 t i))).
Defined.

End product_of_functors.

Definition Products_functor_precat : Products I [C, D, hsD].
Proof.
intros F; apply functor_precat_product_cone.
Defined.

End def_functor_pointwise_prod.

Products from limits

Section products_from_limits.

Variables (I : UU) (C : precategory) (hsC : has_homsets C).

Definition I_graph : graph := (I,,λ _ _,empty).

Definition products_diagram (F : I C) : diagram I_graph C.
Proof.
F.
abstract (intros u v e; induction e).
Defined.

Definition productscone c (F : I C) (H : i, c --> F i) :
  cone (products_diagram F) c.
Proof.
use tpair.
+ intro v; apply H.
+ abstract (intros u v e; induction e).
Defined.

Lemma Products_from_Lims : Lims_of_shape I_graph C Products I C.
Proof.
intros H F.
set (HF := H (products_diagram F)).
use mk_Product.
+ apply (lim HF).
+ intros i; apply (limOut HF).
+ apply (mk_isProduct _ _ hsC); intros c Fic.
  use unique_exists.
  - apply limArrow.
    use mk_cone.
    × simpl; intro i; apply Fic.
    × abstract (simpl; intros u v e; induction e).
  - abstract (simpl; intro i; apply (limArrowCommutes HF)).
  - abstract (intros y; apply impred; intro i; apply hsC).
  - abstract (intros f Hf; apply limArrowUnique; simpl in *; intros i; apply Hf).
Defined.

End products_from_limits.