Library UniMath.PAdics.fps
*Formal Power Series
By Alvaro Pelayo, Vladimir Voevodsky and Michael A. Warren
January 2011
made compatible with the current UniMath library again by Benedikt Ahrens in 2014
and by Ralph Matthes in 2017
Imports
Require Import UniMath.PAdics.lemmas.
Require Import UniMath.Algebra.RigsAndRings.
Require Import UniMath.NumberSystems.Integers.
Local Open Scope ring_scope.
Definition natsummation0 { R : commring } ( upper : nat ) ( f : nat → R ) : R.
Proof.
revert f.
induction upper.
- intros. exact ( f 0%nat ).
- intros. exact ( IHupper f + f ( S upper ) ).
Defined.
Lemma natsummationpaths { R : commring } { upper upper' : nat }
( u : upper = upper' ) ( f : nat → R ) :
natsummation0 upper f = natsummation0 upper' f.
Proof.
intros. destruct u. auto.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationpathsupperfixed { R : commring } { upper : nat }
( f f' : nat → R ) ( p : ∀ x : nat, natleh x upper → f x = f' x ):
natsummation0 upper f = natsummation0 upper f'.
Proof.
revert f f' p. induction upper.
- intros f f' p. simpl. apply p. apply isreflnatleh.
- intros. simpl.
rewrite ( IHupper f f' ).
+ rewrite ( p ( S upper ) ).
× apply idpath.
× apply isreflnatleh.
+ intros x p'. apply p.
apply ( istransnatleh(m := upper) ).
× assumption.
× apply natlthtoleh. apply natlthnsn.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationae0bottom { R : commring } { f : nat → R }
( upper : nat ) ( p : ∀ x : nat, natlth 0 x → f x = 0 ) :
natsummation0 upper f = f 0%nat.
Proof.
revert p. induction upper.
- auto.
- intro p. simpl.
rewrite IHupper.
+ rewrite ( p ( S upper ) ).
× rewrite ( ringrunax1 R ).
apply idpath.
× apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper _ ).
-- apply natleh0n.
-- apply natlthnsn.
+ assumption.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationae0top { R : commring } { f : nat → R } ( upper : nat )
( p : ∀ x : nat, natlth x upper → f x = 0 ) :
natsummation0 upper f = f upper.
Proof.
revert p. induction upper.
- auto.
- intro p.
assert ( natsummation0 upper f = natsummation0 ( R := R ) upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ 0 ) ) as g.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros m q.
apply p.
exact ( natlehlthtrans m upper ( S upper ) q ( natlthnsn upper ) ).
}
simpl. rewrite g.
assert ( natsummation0 ( R := R ) upper ( fun _ : nat ⇒ 0 ) = 0 ) as g'.
{ set ( g'' := fun x : nat ⇒ ringunel1 ( X := R ) ).
assert ( ∀ x : nat, natlth 0 x → g'' x = 0 ) as q0.
{ intros k pp. apply idpath. }
exact ( natsummationae0bottom upper q0 ).
}
rewrite g'. rewrite ( ringlunax1 R ).
apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationshift0 { R : commring } ( upper : nat ) ( f : nat → R ) :
natsummation0 ( S upper ) f =
( natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ f ( S x ) ) + f 0%nat ).
Proof.
revert f. induction upper.
- intros f. simpl.
set (H:=pr2 R). simpl in H.
set (H1:=pr1 H).
set (H2:=pr1 H1).
set (H3:=pr1 H2).
set (H4:=pr2 H3).
simpl in H4.
apply H4.
- intros.
change ( natsummation0 ( S upper ) f + f ( S ( S upper ) ) =
( natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ f ( S x ) ) + f ( S ( S upper ) ) + f 0%nat ) ).
rewrite IHupper.
rewrite 2! ( ringassoc1 R ).
rewrite ( ringcomm1 R ( f 0%nat ) _ ).
apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationshift { R : commring } ( upper : nat ) ( f : nat → R )
{ i : nat } ( p : natleh i upper ) :
natsummation0 ( S upper ) f =
natsummation0 upper ( funcomp ( natcoface i ) f ) + f i.
Proof.
revert f i p. induction upper.
- intros f i p.
destruct i.
+ unfold funcomp. simpl.
unfold natcoface. simpl.
set (H:=pr2 R). simpl in H.
set (H1:=pr1 H).
set (H2:=pr1 H1).
set (H3:=pr1 H2).
set (H4:=pr2 H3).
simpl in H4.
apply H4.
+ apply fromempty.
exact ( negnatlehsn0 i p ).
- intros f i p. destruct i.
+ apply natsummationshift0.
+ destruct ( natlehchoice ( S i ) ( S upper ) p ) as [ h | k ].
× change ( natsummation0 ( S upper ) f + f ( S ( S upper ) ) =
natsummation0 ( S upper ) ( funcomp ( natcoface ( S i ) ) f ) + f ( S i ) ).
rewrite ( IHupper f ( S i ) ).
-- simpl. unfold funcomp at 3. unfold natcoface at 3.
rewrite 2! ( ringassoc1 R ).
rewrite ( ringcomm1 R _ ( f ( S i ) ) ).
simpl.
rewrite ( natgehimplnatgtbfalse i upper ).
++ apply idpath.
++ apply p.
-- apply natlthsntoleh. assumption.
× simpl.
assert ( natsummation0 upper ( funcomp ( natcoface ( S i ) ) f ) =
natsummation0 upper f ) as h.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros m q. unfold funcomp. unfold natcoface.
assert ( natlth m ( S i ) ) as q'.
{ apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
-- assumption.
-- rewrite k. apply natlthnsn.
}
unfold natlth in q'.
rewrite q'. apply idpath.
}
rewrite <- h. unfold funcomp, natcoface at 3. simpl.
rewrite ( natgehimplnatgtbfalse i upper ).
-- rewrite 2! ( ringassoc1 R ).
rewrite ( ringcomm1 R ( f ( S ( S upper ) ) ) ).
rewrite k. apply idpath.
-- apply p.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationplusdistr { R : commring } ( upper : nat ) ( f g : nat → R ) :
natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ f x + g x ) =
natsummation0 upper f + natsummation0 upper g.
Proof.
revert f g. induction upper.
- auto.
- intros f g. simpl.
rewrite <- ( ringassoc1 R _ ( natsummation0 upper g ) _ ).
rewrite ( ringassoc1 R ( natsummation0 upper f ) ).
rewrite ( ringcomm1 R _ ( natsummation0 upper g ) ).
rewrite <- ( ringassoc1 R ( natsummation0 upper f ) ).
rewrite <- ( IHupper f g ).
rewrite ( ringassoc1 R ).
apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationtimesdistr { R : commring } ( upper : nat ) ( f : nat → R ) ( k : R ) :
k × ( natsummation0 upper f ) = natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ k × f x ).
Proof.
revert f k. induction upper.
- auto.
- intros f k. simpl.
rewrite <- IHupper.
rewrite <- ( ringldistr R ).
apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationtimesdistl { R : commring } ( upper : nat ) ( f : nat → R ) ( k : R ) :
natsummation0 upper f × k = natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ f x × k ).
Proof.
revert f k. induction upper.
- auto.
- intros f k. simpl.
rewrite <- IHupper.
rewrite ( ringrdistr R ).
apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationsswapminus { R : commring } { upper n : nat } ( f : nat → R )
( q : natleh n upper ) :
natsummation0 ( S ( sub upper n ) ) f =
natsummation0 ( sub ( S upper ) n ) f.
Proof.
revert n f q. induction upper.
- intros n f q. destruct n.
+ auto.
+ apply fromempty.
exact ( negnatlehsn0 n q ).
- intros n f q. destruct n.
+ auto.
+ change ( natsummation0 ( S ( sub upper n ) ) f =
natsummation0 ( sub ( S upper ) n ) f ).
apply IHupper.
apply q.
Defined.
The following lemma asserts that
Lemma natsummationswap { R : commring } ( upper : nat ) ( f : nat → nat → R ) :
natsummation0 upper ( fun i : nat ⇒ natsummation0 i (fun j : nat ⇒ f j ( sub i j ) ) ) =
natsummation0 upper ( fun k : nat ⇒ natsummation0 ( sub upper k ) ( fun l : nat ⇒ f k l ) ).
Proof.
revert f. induction upper.
- auto.
- intros f.
change ( natsummation0 upper (fun i : nat ⇒ natsummation0
i (fun j : nat ⇒ f j ( sub i j ))) + natsummation0 ( S upper ) (
fun j : nat ⇒ f j ( sub ( S upper ) j ) ) = natsummation0
upper (fun k : nat ⇒ natsummation0 (S upper - k) (fun l : nat ⇒ f
k l)) + natsummation0 ( sub ( S upper ) ( S upper ) ) ( fun l :
nat ⇒ f ( S upper ) l ) ).
change ( natsummation0 upper (fun i :
nat ⇒ natsummation0 i (fun j : nat ⇒ f j ( sub i j))) + (
natsummation0 upper ( fun j : nat ⇒ f j ( sub ( S upper ) j ) ) +
f ( S upper ) ( sub ( S upper ) ( S upper ) ) ) = natsummation0
upper (fun k : nat ⇒ natsummation0 (S upper - k) (fun l : nat ⇒ f
k l)) + natsummation0 ( sub ( S upper ) ( S upper ) ) ( fun l :
nat ⇒ f ( S upper ) l ) ).
assert ( natsummation0 upper (fun k : nat ⇒ natsummation0 ( S (
sub upper k ) ) (fun l : nat ⇒ f k l)) = natsummation0 upper
(fun k : nat ⇒ natsummation0 (sub ( S upper ) k) (fun l : nat ⇒
f k l)) ) as A.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros n q.
apply natsummationsswapminus.
exact q. }
rewrite <- A.
change ( fun k : nat ⇒ natsummation0 (S ( sub upper k)) (fun l : nat ⇒ f
k l) ) with ( fun k : nat ⇒ natsummation0 ( sub upper k ) ( fun l
: nat ⇒ f k l ) + f k ( S ( sub upper k ) ) ).
rewrite ( natsummationplusdistr upper _ ( fun k : nat ⇒ f k ( S ( sub upper
k ) ) ) ).
rewrite IHupper.
rewrite minusnn0.
rewrite ( ringassoc1 R).
assert ( natsummation0 upper ( fun j : nat ⇒ f j ( sub ( S
upper ) j ) ) = natsummation0 upper ( fun k : nat ⇒ f k ( S (
sub upper k ) ) ) ) as g.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros m q.
rewrite pathssminus.
+ apply idpath.
+ apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
× assumption.
× apply natlthnsn.
}
rewrite g.
apply idpath.
Defined.
Definition isnattruncauto ( upper : nat ) ( i : nat → nat ) :=
( ∀ x : nat, natleh x upper →
∑ (y : nat), natleh y upper ×
( i y = x × ∀ z : nat, natleh z upper → i z = x → y = z ) ) ×
∀ x : nat, natleh x upper → natleh ( i x ) upper.
Lemma nattruncautoisinj { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) { n m : nat } ( n' : natleh n upper )
( m' : natleh m upper ) :
i n = i m → n = m.
Proof.
intros h.
assert ( natleh ( i m ) upper ) as q.
{ apply (pr2 p). assumption. }
set ( x := pr1 p ( i m ) q ).
set ( v := pr1 x ).
set ( w := pr1 ( pr2 x ) ).
set ( y := pr1 ( pr2 ( pr2 x ) ) ).
change ( pr1 x ) with v in w, y.
assert ( v = n ) as a.
{ apply (pr2 (pr2 (pr2 x))).
- assumption.
- assumption.
}
rewrite <- a.
apply (pr2 (pr2 ( pr2 x))).
- assumption.
- apply idpath.
Defined.
Definition nattruncautopreimage { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) { n : nat } ( n' : natleh n upper ) : nat :=
pr1 ( pr1 p n n' ).
Definition nattruncautopreimagepath { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) { n : nat } ( n' : natleh n upper ) :
i ( nattruncautopreimage p n' ) = n := pr1 ( pr2 ( pr2 ( pr1 p n n' ) ) ).
Definition nattruncautopreimageineq { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) { n : nat } ( n' : natleh n upper ) :
natleh ( nattruncautopreimage p n' ) upper :=
pr1 ( pr2 ( pr1 p n n' ) ).
Definition nattruncautopreimagecanon { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) { n : nat } ( n' : natleh n upper )
{ m : nat } ( m' : natleh m upper ) ( q : i m = n ) :
nattruncautopreimage p n' = m := pr2 ( pr2 ( pr2 ( pr1 p n n' ) ) ) m m' q.
Definition nattruncautoinv { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) : nat → nat.
Proof.
intros n.
destruct ( natgthorleh n upper ) as [ l | r ].
- exact n.
- exact ( nattruncautopreimage p r ).
Defined.
Lemma nattruncautoinvisnattruncauto { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) : isnattruncauto upper ( nattruncautoinv p ).
Proof.
intros. split.
- intros n n'. split with ( i n ). split.
+ apply (pr2 p). assumption.
+ split.
× unfold nattruncautoinv.
destruct ( natgthorleh ( i n ) upper ) as [ l | r ].
-- apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( i n ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
++ apply (pr2 p). assumption.
++ assumption.
-- apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
++ apply ( nattruncautopreimageineq ).
++ assumption.
++ apply ( nattruncautopreimagepath p r ).
× intros m x v. unfold nattruncautoinv in v.
destruct ( natgthorleh m upper ) as [ l | r ].
-- apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth upper ).
apply ( natlthlehtrans _ m ); assumption.
-- rewrite <- v.
apply ( nattruncautopreimagepath p r ).
- intros x X. unfold nattruncautoinv.
destruct ( natgthorleh x upper ) as [ l | r ].
× assumption.
× apply ( nattruncautopreimageineq p r ).
Defined.
Definition truncnattruncauto { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto ( S upper ) i ) : nat → nat.
Proof.
intros n.
destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i n ) ( S upper ) ) as [ l | r ].
- exact ( i n ).
- destruct ( natgehchoice _ _ r ) as [ a | b ].
+ exact ( i n ).
+ destruct ( isdeceqnat n ( S upper ) ) as [ h | k ].
× exact ( i n ).
× exact ( i ( S upper ) ).
Defined.
Lemma truncnattruncautobound { upper : nat } ( i : nat → nat )
( p : isnattruncauto ( S upper ) i ) ( n : nat ) ( q : natleh n upper ) :
natleh ( truncnattruncauto p n ) upper.
Proof.
intros. unfold truncnattruncauto.
destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i n ) ( S upper) ) as [ l | r ].
- apply natlthsntoleh. assumption.
- destruct ( natgehchoice ( i n ) ( S upper ) ) as [ l' | r' ].
+ apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( i n ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ ( S upper ) ).
× apply (pr2 p).
apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
-- assumption.
-- apply natlthnsn.
× assumption.
+ destruct ( isdeceqnat n ( S upper ) ) as [ l'' | r'' ].
× apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth upper ).
apply ( natlthlehtrans _ ( S upper ) ).
-- apply natlthnsn.
-- rewrite <- l''.
assumption.
× assert ( natleh ( i ( S upper ) ) ( S upper ) ) as aux.
{ apply (pr2 p). apply isreflnatleh. }
destruct ( natlehchoice _ _ aux ) as [ l''' | r''' ].
-- apply natlthsntoleh. assumption.
-- apply fromempty.
apply r''.
apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
++ apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
** assumption.
** apply natlthnsn.
++ apply isreflnatleh.
++ rewrite r'. rewrite r'''. apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma truncnattruncautoisinj { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto ( S upper ) i ) { n m : nat }
( q : natleh n upper ) ( r : natleh m upper ) :
truncnattruncauto p n = truncnattruncauto p m → n = m.
Proof.
intros s.
apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
- apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
+ assumption.
+ apply natlthnsn.
- apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
+ assumption.
+ apply natlthnsn.
- unfold truncnattruncauto in s.
destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i n ) ( S upper ) ) as [ a0 | a1 ].
+ destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i m ) ( S upper ) ) as [ b0 | b1 ].
× assumption.
× apply fromempty.
assert ( i m = S upper ) as f0.
{ destruct ( natgehchoice ( i m ) ( S upper ) b1 ) as [ l | l' ].
-- apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ ( i n ) ).
++ rewrite s. assumption.
++ assumption.
-- assumption.
}
destruct (natgehchoice ( i m ) ( S upper ) b1 ) as [ a00 | a10 ].
-- apply (isirreflnatgth ( S upper ) ).
rewrite f0 in a00.
assumption.
-- destruct ( isdeceqnat m ( S upper ) ) as [ a000 | a100 ].
++ rewrite s in a0. rewrite f0 in a0.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
assumption.
++ assert ( i m = n ) as f1.
{ apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
** rewrite f0.
apply isreflnatleh.
** apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
--- assumption.
--- apply natlthnsn.
** rewrite f0. rewrite s. apply idpath.
}
apply ( isirreflnatlth upper ).
apply ( natlthlehtrans _ n ).
** rewrite <- f1, f0.
apply natlthnsn.
** assumption.
+ destruct ( natgehchoice ( i n ) ( S upper ) a1 ) as [ a00 | a01 ].
× apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlthlehtrans _ ( i n ) ).
-- assumption.
-- apply ( pr2 p ).
apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
++ assumption.
++ apply natlthnsn.
× destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i m ) ( S upper ) ) as [ b0 | b1 ].
-- destruct ( isdeceqnat n ( S upper ) ) as [ a000 | a001 ].
++ assumption.
++ assert ( S upper = m ) as f0.
{ apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
** apply isreflnatleh.
** apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
--- assumption.
--- apply natlthnsn.
** assumption.
}
apply fromempty.
apply a001. rewrite f0.
apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
** rewrite f0. assumption.
** apply natlthnsn.
-- destruct ( natgehchoice ( i m ) ( S upper ) b1 ) as [ b00 | b01 ].
++ apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( i m ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ ( S upper ) ).
** apply (pr2 p).
apply ( natlthtoleh ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
--- assumption.
--- apply natlthnsn.
** assumption.
++ rewrite b01. rewrite a01. apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma truncnattruncautoisauto { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto ( S upper ) i ) :
isnattruncauto upper ( truncnattruncauto p ).
Proof.
intros. split.
- intros n q.
assert ( natleh n ( S upper ) ) as q'.
{ apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
+ assumption.
+ apply natlthnsn.
}
destruct ( isdeceqnat ( nattruncautopreimage p q' ) ( S upper ) ) as [ i0 | i1 ].
+ split with ( nattruncautopreimage p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
split.
× assert ( natleh ( nattruncautopreimage p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) )
( S upper ) ) as aux by apply nattruncautopreimageineq.
destruct ( natlehchoice _ _ aux ) as [ l | r ].
-- apply natlthsntoleh.
assumption.
-- assert ( n = S upper ) as f0.
{ rewrite <- ( nattruncautopreimagepath p q' ).
rewrite i0.
rewrite <- r.
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper) ) ).
rewrite r.
apply idpath.
}
apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
++ rewrite <- f0. assumption.
++ apply natlthnsn.
× split.
-- apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
++ apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
** apply truncnattruncautobound.
destruct ( natlehchoice _ _ ( nattruncautopreimageineq p
( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ) ) as [ l | r].
--- apply natlthsntoleh. assumption.
--- apply fromempty.
assert ( S upper = n ) as f0.
{ rewrite <- ( nattruncautopreimagepath p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
rewrite r.
rewrite <- i0.
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p q' ).
apply idpath.
}
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
+++ rewrite f0. assumption.
+++ apply natlthnsn.
** apply natlthnsn.
++ assumption.
++ unfold truncnattruncauto.
destruct ( isdeceqnat ( nattruncautopreimage p
(isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ) ) as [ l | r ].
** apply fromempty.
assert ( S upper = n ) as f0.
{ rewrite <- ( nattruncautopreimagepath p (isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
rewrite l.
rewrite <- i0.
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p q' ).
apply idpath.
}
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
--- rewrite f0. assumption.
--- apply natlthnsn.
** destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i ( nattruncautopreimage p
( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ) ) ( S upper ) ) as [ l' | r' ].
--- apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p ) in l'.
assumption.
--- destruct ( natgehchoice _ _ r' ) as [ l'' | r'' ].
+++ apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p ) in l''.
assumption.
+++ rewrite <- i0.
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p q' ).
apply idpath.
-- intros x X y.
apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
++ apply nattruncautopreimageineq.
++ apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
** assumption.
** apply natlthnsn.
++ unfold truncnattruncauto in y.
destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i x ) ( S upper ) ) as [ l | r ].
** assert ( S upper = x ) as f0.
{ apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
--- apply isreflnatleh.
--- apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
+++ assumption.
+++ apply natlthnsn.
--- rewrite <- i0.
rewrite y.
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p q' ).
apply idpath.
}
apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
--- rewrite f0. assumption.
--- apply natlthnsn.
** destruct ( isdeceqnat x ( S upper ) ) as [ l' | r' ].
--- apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
+++ rewrite <- l'. assumption.
+++ apply natlthnsn.
--- destruct ( natgehchoice _ _ r ) as [ l'' | r'' ].
+++ apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth n ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ ( S upper ) ).
*** assumption.
*** rewrite <- y. assumption.
+++ rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p _ ).
rewrite r''.
apply idpath.
+ split with ( nattruncautopreimage p q' ).
split.
× destruct ( natlehchoice _ _ ( nattruncautopreimageineq p q' ) ) as [ l | r ].
-- apply natlthsntoleh. assumption.
-- apply fromempty.
apply i1.
assumption.
× split.
-- unfold truncnattruncauto.
destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i ( nattruncautopreimage p q' ) )
( S upper ) ) as [ l | r ].
++ apply nattruncautopreimagepath.
++ destruct ( natgehchoice _ _ r ) as [ l' | r' ].
** apply nattruncautopreimagepath.
** apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
--- rewrite <- r'.
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p q' ).
assumption.
--- apply natlthnsn.
-- intros x X y. apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
++ set (H:=pr1 p). simpl in H.
set (H1:=pr2 p). simpl in H1.
set (H2:=H n q').
apply (pr2 H2).
++ apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
** assumption.
** apply natlthnsn.
++ rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p q' ).
unfold truncnattruncauto in y.
destruct ( natlthorgeh ( i x ) ( S upper ) ) as [ l | r ].
** rewrite y. apply idpath.
** destruct ( isdeceqnat x ( S upper ) ) as [ l' | r' ].
--- apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
+++ rewrite <- l'. assumption.
+++ apply natlthnsn.
--- destruct ( natgehchoice _ _ r ).
+++ rewrite y. apply idpath.
+++ apply fromempty.
apply i1.
apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
*** apply ( nattruncautopreimageineq p ).
*** apply isreflnatleh.
*** rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p q' ).
rewrite y.
apply idpath.
- apply truncnattruncautobound.
Defined.
Definition truncnattruncautoinv { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto ( S upper ) i ) : nat → nat :=
nattruncautoinv ( truncnattruncautoisauto p ).
Lemma precompwithnatcofaceisauto { upper : nat } ( i : nat → nat )
( p : isnattruncauto ( S upper ) i )
( bound : natlth 0 ( nattruncautopreimage p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ) ) :
isnattruncauto upper (funcomp ( natcoface ( nattruncautopreimage p
( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ) ) i ).
Proof.
intros.
set ( v := nattruncautopreimage p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
change ( nattruncautopreimage p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ) with v in bound.
unfold isnattruncauto.
split.
- intros m q.
unfold funcomp.
assert ( natleh m ( S upper ) ) as aaa.
{ apply natlthtoleh.
apply natlehlthtrans with ( m := upper).
+ assumption.
+ exact ( natlthnsn upper ).
}
set ( m' := nattruncautopreimage p aaa ).
destruct ( natlthorgeh m' v ) as [ l | r ].
+ split with m'. split.
× apply natlthsntoleh.
apply ( natlthlehtrans _ v ).
-- assumption.
-- apply ( nattruncautopreimageineq p _ ).
× split.
-- unfold natcoface.
rewrite l.
apply ( nattruncautopreimagepath p aaa ).
-- intros n j w.
assert ( natcoface v n = m' ) as f0.
{ apply pathsinv0.
apply ( nattruncautopreimagecanon p aaa ).
++ apply natcofaceleh. assumption.
++ assumption.
}
rewrite <- f0.
destruct ( natgthorleh v n ) as [ l' | r' ].
++ unfold natcoface.
rewrite l'.
apply idpath.
++ apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth v ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ n ).
** assumption.
** apply ( istransnatlth _ ( S n ) ).
apply natlthnsn.
unfold natcoface in f0.
rewrite ( natgehimplnatgtbfalse v n r' ) in f0.
rewrite f0.
assumption.
+ set ( j := nattruncautopreimagepath p aaa ).
change ( nattruncautopreimage p aaa ) with m' in j.
set ( m'' := sub m' 1 ).
assert ( natleh m'' upper ) as a0.
{ destruct ( natlthorgeh 0 m' ) as [ h | h' ].
× rewrite <- ( minussn1 upper ).
apply minus1leh.
-- assumption.
-- apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
++ apply natleh0n.
++ apply natlthnsn.
-- apply nattruncautopreimageineq.
× destruct ( natgehchoice 0 m' h' ) as [ k | k' ].
-- apply fromempty.
apply ( negnatgth0n m' k ).
-- unfold m''.
rewrite <- k'.
apply natleh0n.
}
destruct ( natgehchoice m' v r ) as [ l' | r' ].
× assert ( natleh v m'' ) as a2.
{ apply natlthsntoleh.
unfold m''.
rewrite pathssminus.
-- rewrite minussn1.
assumption.
-- destruct ( natlehchoice 0 m' ( natleh0n m' ) ) as [ k | k' ].
++ assumption.
++ apply fromempty.
apply ( negnatgth0n v ).
rewrite k'.
assumption.
}
assert ( i ( natcoface v m'' ) = m ) as a1.
{ unfold natcoface.
rewrite ( natgehimplnatgtbfalse v m'' a2 ).
unfold m''.
rewrite pathssminus.
-- rewrite minussn1.
assumption.
-- destruct ( natlehchoice 0 m' ( natleh0n m' ) ) as [ k | k' ].
++ assumption.
++ apply fromempty.
apply ( negnatgth0n v ).
rewrite k'.
assumption.
}
split with m''. split.
-- assumption.
-- split.
++ assumption.
++ intros n s t.
assert ( natcoface v n = natcoface v m'' ) as g.
{ assert ( natcoface v n = m' ) as g0.
{ apply pathsinv0.
apply ( nattruncautopreimagecanon p aaa ).
** apply natcofaceleh.
assumption.
** assumption.
}
assert ( natcoface v m'' = m' ) as g1.
{ unfold m'.
unfold nattruncautopreimage.
apply pathsinv0.
apply ( nattruncautopreimagecanon p aaa ).
** apply natcofaceleh. assumption.
** assumption.
}
rewrite g0, g1.
apply idpath.
}
change ( idfun _ m'' = idfun _ n ).
rewrite <- ( natcofaceretractisretract v ).
unfold funcomp.
rewrite g.
apply idpath.
× apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S upper ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
-- assert ( S upper = m ) as g.
{ rewrite <- ( nattruncautopreimagepath p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
change ( i v = m ).
rewrite <- j.
rewrite r'.
apply idpath.
}
rewrite g.
assumption.
-- apply natlthnsn.
- intros x X.
unfold funcomp.
assert ( natleh ( i ( natcoface v x ) ) ( S upper ) ) as a0.
{ apply (pr2 p).
apply natcofaceleh.
assumption.
}
destruct ( natlehchoice _ _ a0 ) as [ l | r ].
+ apply natlthsntoleh.
assumption.
+ assert ( v = natcoface v x ) as g.
{ unfold v.
apply ( nattruncautopreimagecanon p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
× unfold natcoface.
-- destruct ( natgthorleh v x ) as [ a | b ].
++ unfold v in a.
rewrite a.
apply natlthtoleh.
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
** assumption.
** apply natlthnsn.
++ unfold v in b.
rewrite ( natgehimplnatgtbfalse _ x b ).
assumption.
× assumption.
}
apply fromempty.
destruct ( natgthorleh v x ) as [ a | b ].
× unfold natcoface in g.
rewrite a in g.
apply ( isirreflnatlth x ).
rewrite g in a.
assumption.
× unfold natcoface in g.
rewrite ( natgehimplnatgtbfalse v x b ) in g.
apply ( isirreflnatlth x ).
apply ( natlthlehtrans _ ( S x ) ).
-- apply natlthnsn.
-- rewrite <- g.
assumption.
Defined.
Lemma nattruncautocompstable { R : commring } { upper : nat }
( i j : nat → nat ) ( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) ( p' : isnattruncauto upper j ) :
isnattruncauto upper ( funcomp j i ).
Proof.
intros.
split.
- intros n n'.
split with ( nattruncautopreimage p' ( nattruncautopreimageineq p n' ) ).
split.
+ apply ( nattruncautopreimageineq p' ).
+ split.
× unfold funcomp.
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p' _ ).
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p _ ).
apply idpath.
× intros x X y.
unfold funcomp in y.
apply ( nattruncautoisinj p' ).
-- apply nattruncautopreimageineq.
-- assumption.
-- apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
++ apply (pr2 p').
apply nattruncautopreimageineq.
++ apply (pr2 p') . assumption.
++ rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p' ).
rewrite ( nattruncautopreimagepath p ).
rewrite y.
apply idpath.
- intros x X.
unfold funcomp.
apply (pr2 p).
apply (pr2 p').
assumption.
Defined.
Definition nattruncreverse ( upper : nat ) : nat → nat.
Proof.
intros n.
destruct ( natgthorleh n upper ) as [ h | k ].
- exact n.
- exact ( sub upper n ).
Defined.
Definition nattruncbottomtopswap ( upper : nat ) : nat → nat.
Proof.
intros n.
destruct ( isdeceqnat 0%nat n ) as [ h | k ].
- exact upper.
- destruct ( isdeceqnat upper n ) as [ l | r ].
+ exact ( 0%nat ).
+ exact n.
Defined.
Lemma nattruncreverseisnattruncauto ( upper : nat ) :
isnattruncauto upper ( nattruncreverse upper ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold isnattruncauto.
split.
- intros m q.
set ( m' := sub upper m ).
assert ( natleh m' upper ) as a0 by apply minusleh.
assert ( nattruncreverse upper m' = m ) as a1.
{ unfold nattruncreverse.
+ destruct ( natgthorleh m' upper ).
× apply fromempty.
apply isirreflnatlth with ( n := m' ).
apply natlehlthtrans with ( m := upper ).
-- assumption.
-- assumption.
× unfold m'.
rewrite doubleminuslehpaths.
-- apply idpath.
-- assumption.
}
split with m'. split.
+ assumption.
+ split.
× assumption.
× intros n qq u.
unfold m'.
rewrite <- u.
unfold nattruncreverse.
destruct ( natgthorleh n upper ) as [ l | r ].
-- apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth n ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
++ assumption.
++ assumption.
-- rewrite doubleminuslehpaths.
++ apply idpath.
++ assumption.
- intros x X.
unfold nattruncreverse.
destruct ( natgthorleh x upper ) as [ l | r ].
+ assumption.
+ apply minusleh.
Defined.
Lemma nattruncbottomtopswapselfinv ( upper n : nat ) :
nattruncbottomtopswap upper ( nattruncbottomtopswap upper n ) = n.
Proof.
intros.
unfold nattruncbottomtopswap.
destruct ( isdeceqnat upper n ) as [ i | e ].
- destruct ( isdeceqnat 0%nat n ) as [i0 | _ ].
+ destruct ( isdeceqnat 0%nat upper ) as [ i1 | e1 ].
× rewrite <- i0. rewrite <- i1. apply idpath.
× apply fromempty.
apply e1.
rewrite i.
rewrite i0.
apply idpath.
+ destruct ( isdeceqnat 0%nat 0%nat ) as [ _ | e1 ].
× assumption.
× apply fromempty.
apply e1.
auto.
- destruct ( isdeceqnat 0%nat n ) as [i0 | e0 ].
+ destruct ( isdeceqnat 0%nat upper ) as [ i1 | _ ].
× rewrite <- i0. rewrite i1. apply idpath.
× destruct ( isdeceqnat upper upper ) as [ _ | e2 ].
-- assumption.
-- apply fromempty.
apply e2.
auto.
+ destruct ( isdeceqnat 0%nat n ) as [ i1 | _ ].
× apply fromempty.
apply e0.
assumption.
× destruct ( isdeceqnat upper n ) as [ i2 | _ ].
-- apply fromempty.
apply e.
assumption.
-- apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma nattruncbottomtopswapbound ( upper n : nat ) ( p : natleh n upper ) :
natleh (nattruncbottomtopswap upper n ) upper.
Proof.
intros.
unfold nattruncbottomtopswap.
destruct (isdeceqnat 0%nat n).
- auto. destruct ( isdeceqnat upper n ). + apply isreflnatleh.
+ apply isreflnatleh.
- destruct ( isdeceqnat upper n ).
+ apply natleh0n.
+ assumption.
Defined.
Lemma nattruncbottomtopswapisnattruncauto ( upper : nat ) :
isnattruncauto upper ( nattruncbottomtopswap upper ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold isnattruncauto. split.
- intros m p.
set ( m' := nattruncbottomtopswap upper m ).
assert ( natleh m' upper ) as a0.
{ apply nattruncbottomtopswapbound. assumption. }
assert (nattruncbottomtopswap upper m' = m) as a1 by
apply nattruncbottomtopswapselfinv.
split with m'. split.
+ assumption.
+ split.
× assumption.
× intros k q u. unfold m'.
rewrite <- u.
rewrite nattruncbottomtopswapselfinv.
apply idpath.
- intros n p. apply nattruncbottomtopswapbound. assumption.
Defined.
Lemma isnattruncauto0S { upper : nat } { i : nat → nat }
( p : isnattruncauto (S upper) i ) ( j : i 0%nat = S upper ) :
isnattruncauto upper ( funcomp S i ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold isnattruncauto.
split.
- intros m q.
set ( v := nattruncautopreimage p (natlthtoleh m (S upper)
(natlehlthtrans m upper (S upper) q (natlthnsn upper)))).
destruct ( isdeceqnat 0%nat v ) as [ i0 | i1 ].
+ apply fromempty.
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( i 0%nat ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
× rewrite i0.
unfold v.
rewrite nattruncautopreimagepath.
assumption.
× rewrite j.
apply natlthnsn.
+ assert ( natlth 0 v ) as aux.
{ destruct ( natlehchoice _ _ ( natleh0n v ) ).
× assumption.
× apply fromempty.
apply i1.
assumption.
}
split with ( sub v 1 ).
split.
× rewrite <- ( minussn1 upper ).
apply ( minus1leh aux ( natlehlthtrans _ _ _ ( natleh0n upper )
( natlthnsn upper ) ) ( nattruncautopreimageineq p
( natlthtoleh m ( S upper ) ( natlehlthtrans m upper ( S upper ) q
( natlthnsn upper ) ) ) ) ).
× split.
-- unfold funcomp.
rewrite pathssminus.
++ rewrite minussn1.
apply nattruncautopreimagepath.
++ assumption.
-- intros n uu k.
unfold funcomp in k.
rewrite <- ( minussn1 n ).
assert ( v = S n ) as f.
{ apply ( nattruncautopreimagecanon p _ ); assumption. }
rewrite f.
apply idpath.
- intros x X.
unfold funcomp.
assert ( natleh ( i ( S x ) ) ( S upper ) ) as aux.
+ apply (pr2 p).
assumption.
+ destruct ( natlehchoice _ _ aux ) as [ h | k ].
× apply natlthsntoleh.
assumption.
× apply fromempty.
assert ( 0%nat = S x ) as ii.
{ apply ( nattruncautoisinj p ).
-- apply natleh0n.
-- assumption.
-- rewrite j.
rewrite k.
apply idpath.
}
apply ( isirreflnatlth ( S x ) ).
apply ( natlehlthtrans _ x ).
-- rewrite <- ii.
apply natleh0n.
-- apply natlthnsn.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationreindexing { R : commring } { upper : nat }
( i : nat → nat ) ( p : isnattruncauto upper i ) ( f : nat → R ) :
natsummation0 upper f = natsummation0 upper (funcomp i f ).
Proof.
revert i p f.
induction upper.
- intros. simpl. unfold funcomp.
assert ( 0%nat = i 0%nat ) as f0.
{ destruct ( natlehchoice ( i 0%nat ) 0%nat ( pr2 p 0%nat ( isreflnatleh 0%nat ) ) )
as [ h | k ].
+ apply fromempty.
exact ( negnatlthn0 ( i 0%nat ) h ).
+ rewrite k.
apply idpath.
}
rewrite <- f0.
apply idpath.
- intros. simpl ( natsummation0 ( S upper ) f ).
set ( j := nattruncautopreimagepath p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
set ( v := nattruncautopreimage p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
change ( nattruncautopreimage p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ) with v in j.
destruct ( natlehchoice 0%nat v ( natleh0n v ) ) as [ h | p0 ] .
+ set ( aaa := nattruncautopreimageineq p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ).
change ( nattruncautopreimage p ( isreflnatleh ( S upper ) ) ) with v in aaa.
destruct ( natlehchoice v ( S upper ) aaa ) as [ l | r ].
× rewrite ( IHupper ( funcomp ( natcoface v ) i ) ).
-- change ( funcomp ( funcomp ( natcoface v ) i ) f ) with
( funcomp ( natcoface v ) ( funcomp i f ) ).
assert ( f ( S upper ) = ( funcomp i f ) v ) as f0.
{ unfold funcomp. rewrite j. apply idpath. }
rewrite f0.
assert ( natleh v upper ) as aux.
{ apply natlthsntoleh. assumption. }
rewrite ( natsummationshift upper ( funcomp i f ) aux ).
apply idpath.
-- apply precompwithnatcofaceisauto.
assumption.
× rewrite ( IHupper ( funcomp ( natcoface v ) i ) ).
-- assert ( natsummation0 upper ( funcomp ( funcomp ( natcoface v ) i) f ) =
natsummation0 upper ( funcomp i f ) ) as f0.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros x X. unfold funcomp. unfold natcoface.
assert ( natlth x v ) as a0.
{ apply ( natlehlthtrans _ upper ).
++ assumption.
++ rewrite r.
apply natlthnsn.
}
rewrite a0.
apply idpath.
}
rewrite f0.
assert ( f ( S upper ) = funcomp i f ( S upper ) ) as f1.
{ unfold funcomp.
rewrite <- r.
rewrite j.
rewrite <- r.
apply idpath.
}
rewrite f1.
apply idpath.
-- apply precompwithnatcofaceisauto.
assumption.
+ rewrite natsummationshift0.
unfold funcomp at 2.
rewrite p0.
rewrite j.
assert ( i 0%nat = S upper ) as j'.
{ rewrite p0.
rewrite j.
apply idpath. }
rewrite ( IHupper ( funcomp S i ) ( isnattruncauto0S p j' ) ).
apply idpath.
Defined.
Definition seqson ( A : UU ) := nat → A.
Lemma seqsonisaset ( A : hSet ) : isaset ( seqson A ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold seqson.
change ( isofhlevel 2 ( nat → A ) ).
apply impredfun.
apply (pr2 A).
Defined.
Definition isasetfps ( R : commring ) : isaset ( seqson R ) :=
seqsonisaset R.
Definition fps ( R : commring ) : hSet := make_hSet _ ( isasetfps R ).
Definition fpsplus ( R : commring ) : binop ( fps R ) :=
fun v w n ⇒ ( ( v n ) + ( w n ) ).
Definition fpstimes ( R : commring ) : binop ( fps R ) :=
fun s t n ⇒ natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ s x × t ( sub n x ) ).
Local Definition test0 : seqson hz.
Proof.
intro n.
induction n.
- exact 0.
- exact ( nattohz ( S n ) ).
Defined.
Local Definition test1 : seqson hz.
Proof.
intro n.
induction n.
- exact ( 1 + 1 ).
- exact ( ( 1 + 1 ) × IHn ).
Defined.
Definition fpszero ( R : commring ) : fps R := fun n : nat ⇒ 0.
Definition fpsone ( R : commring ) : fps R.
Proof.
intros. intro n.
destruct n.
- exact 1.
- exact 0.
Defined.
Definition fpsminus ( R : commring ) : fps R → fps R :=
fun s n ⇒ - ( s n ).
Lemma ismonoidopfpsplus ( R : commring ) :
ismonoidop ( fpsplus R ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold ismonoidop.
split.
- unfold isassoc.
intros s t u.
unfold fpsplus.
change ( (fun n : nat ⇒ s n + t n + u n) = (fun n : nat ⇒ s n + (t n + u n)) ).
apply funextfun.
intro n.
set ( H := pr2 R ).
set ( H1 := pr1 H ).
set ( H2 := pr1 H1 ).
set ( H3 := pr1 H2 ).
set ( H4 := pr1 H3 ).
set ( H5 := pr1 H4 ).
set ( H6 := pr1 H5 ).
apply H6.
- unfold isunital.
assert ( isunit ( fpsplus R ) ( fpszero R ) ) as a.
{ unfold isunit.
split.
+ unfold islunit.
intro s.
unfold fpsplus.
unfold fpszero.
change ( (fun n : nat ⇒ 0 + s n) = s ).
apply funextfun.
intro n.
apply ringlunax1.
+ unfold isrunit.
intro s.
unfold fpsplus.
unfold fpszero.
change ( (fun n : nat ⇒ s n + 0) = s ).
apply funextfun.
intro n.
apply ringrunax1.
}
exact ( tpair ( fpszero R ) a ).
Defined.
Lemma isgropfpsplus ( R : commring ) : isgrop ( fpsplus R ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold isgrop.
assert ( invstruct ( fpsplus R ) ( ismonoidopfpsplus R ) ) as a.
{ unfold invstruct.
assert ( isinv (fpsplus R) (unel_is (ismonoidopfpsplus R)) ( fpsminus R ) ) as b.
{ unfold isinv.
split.
- unfold islinv.
intro s.
unfold fpsplus.
unfold fpsminus.
unfold unel_is.
simpl.
unfold fpszero.
apply funextfun.
intro n.
exact ( ringlinvax1 R ( s n ) ).
- unfold isrinv.
intro s.
unfold fpsplus.
unfold fpsminus.
unfold unel_is.
simpl.
unfold fpszero.
apply funextfun.
intro n.
exact ( ringrinvax1 R ( s n ) ).
}
exact ( tpair ( fpsminus R ) b ).
}
exact ( tpair ( ismonoidopfpsplus R ) a ).
Defined.
Lemma iscommfpsplus ( R : commring ) : iscomm ( fpsplus R ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold iscomm.
intros s t.
unfold fpsplus.
change ((fun n : nat ⇒ s n + t n) = (fun n : nat ⇒ t n + s n) ).
apply funextfun.
intro n.
set (H1:= pr2 (pr1 (pr1 (pr1 (pr2 R))))).
apply H1.
Defined.
Lemma isassocfpstimes ( R : commring ) : isassoc (fpstimes R).
Proof.
intros.
unfold isassoc.
intros s t u.
unfold fpstimes.
assert ( (fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 ( sub n x) (fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x × ( t x0 × u ( sub ( sub n x ) x0) )))) =
(fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
s x × natsummation0 ( sub n x) (fun x0 : nat ⇒
t x0 × u ( sub ( sub n x ) x0)))) ) as A.
{ apply funextfun.
intro n.
apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros.
rewrite natsummationtimesdistr.
apply idpath.
}
rewrite <- A.
assert ( (fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 ( sub n x) (fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x × t x0 × u ( sub ( sub n x ) x0 )))) =
(fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 ( sub n x) (fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x × ( t x0 × u ( sub ( sub n x ) x0) )))) ) as B.
{ apply funextfun.
intro n.
apply maponpaths.
apply funextfun.
intro m.
apply maponpaths.
apply funextfun.
intro x.
apply R.
}
assert ( (fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 x (fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x0 × t ( sub x x0 ) × u ( sub n x )))) =
(fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 ( sub n x) (fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x × t x0 × u ( sub ( sub n x ) x0 )))) ) as C.
{ apply funextfun.
intro n.
set ( f := fun x : nat ⇒ ( fun x0 : nat ⇒ s x × t x0 × u ( sub ( sub n x ) x0 ) ) ).
assert ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 x ( fun x0 : nat ⇒ f x0 ( sub x x0 ) ) ) =
natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 ( sub n x ) ( fun x0 : nat ⇒ f x x0 ) ) ) as D
by apply natsummationswap.
unfold f in D.
assert ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 x ( fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x0 × t ( sub x x0 ) × u ( sub n x ) ) ) =
natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 x ( fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x0 × t ( sub x x0 ) ×
u ( sub ( sub n x0 ) ( sub x x0 ) ) ) ) ) as E.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros k p.
apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros l q.
rewrite ( natdoubleminus p q ).
apply idpath.
}
rewrite E, D.
apply idpath.
}
rewrite <- B. rewrite <- C.
assert ( (fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 x (fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x0 × t ( sub x x0)) × u ( sub n x))) =
(fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
natsummation0 x (fun x0 : nat ⇒
s x0 × t ( sub x x0) × u ( sub n x)))) ) as D.
{ apply funextfun.
intro n.
apply maponpaths.
apply funextfun.
intro m.
apply natsummationtimesdistl.
}
rewrite <- D.
apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma natsummationandfpszero ( R : commring ) :
∀ m : nat, natsummation0 m ( fun x : nat ⇒ fpszero R x ) = @ringunel1 R.
Proof.
intros m.
induction m.
- apply idpath.
- simpl.
rewrite IHm.
rewrite ( ringlunax1 R ).
apply idpath.
Defined.
Lemma ismonoidopfpstimes ( R : commring ) : ismonoidop ( fpstimes R ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold ismonoidop.
split.
- apply isassocfpstimes.
- split with ( fpsone R).
split.
+ intro s.
unfold fpstimes.
change ( ( fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒
fpsone R x × s ( sub n x ) ) ) = s ).
apply funextfun.
intro n.
destruct n.
× simpl.
rewrite ( ringlunax2 R ).
apply idpath.
× rewrite natsummationshift0.
rewrite ( ringlunax2 R).
rewrite minus0r.
assert ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒
fpsone R ( S x ) × s ( sub n x ) ) =
natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒
fpszero R x ) ) as f.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros m m'.
rewrite ( ringmult0x R ).
apply idpath.
}
change ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ fpsone R
( S x ) × s ( sub n x ) ) + s ( S n ) = s ( S n ) ).
rewrite f.
rewrite natsummationandfpszero.
apply ( ringlunax1 R ).
+ intros s.
unfold fpstimes.
change ( ( fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n
( fun x : nat ⇒ s x × fpsone R ( sub n x ) ) ) = s ).
apply funextfun.
intro n.
destruct n.
× simpl.
rewrite ( ringrunax2 R ).
apply idpath.
× change ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒
s x × fpsone R ( sub ( S n ) x ) ) + s ( S n ) × fpsone R ( sub n n ) =
s ( S n ) ).
rewrite minusnn0.
rewrite ( ringrunax2 R ).
assert ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ s x × fpsone R ( sub ( S n ) x )) =
( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ fpszero R x ) ) ) as f.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros m m'.
rewrite <- pathssminus.
-- rewrite ( ringmultx0 R ).
apply idpath.
-- apply ( natlehlthtrans _ n ).
++ assumption.
++ apply natlthnsn.
}
rewrite f.
rewrite natsummationandfpszero.
apply ( ringlunax1 R ).
Defined.
Lemma iscommfpstimes ( R : commring ) ( s t : fps R ) :
fpstimes R s t = fpstimes R t s.
Proof.
intros.
unfold fpstimes.
change ( ( fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒ s x × t ( sub n x) ) ) =
( fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒ t x × s ( sub n x) ) ) ).
apply funextfun.
intro n.
assert ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ s x × t ( sub n x ) ) =
natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ t ( sub n x ) × s x ) ) as a0.
{ apply maponpaths.
apply funextfun.
intro m.
apply R.
}
assert ( ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ t ( sub n x ) × s x ) ) =
natsummation0 n ( funcomp ( nattruncreverse n )
( fun x : nat ⇒ t x × s ( sub n x ) ) ) ) as a1.
{ apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros m q.
unfold funcomp.
unfold nattruncreverse.
destruct (natgthorleh m n ).
- apply fromempty.
apply isirreflnatlth with ( n := n ).
apply natlthlehtrans with ( m := m ).
+ apply h.
+ assumption.
- apply maponpaths.
apply maponpaths.
apply pathsinv0.
apply doubleminuslehpaths.
assumption.
}
assert ( natsummation0 n ( funcomp ( nattruncreverse n )
( fun x : nat ⇒ t x × s ( sub n x ) ) ) =
natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ t x × s ( sub n x ) ) ) as a2.
{ apply pathsinv0.
apply natsummationreindexing.
apply nattruncreverseisnattruncauto.
}
exact ( pathscomp0 a0 ( pathscomp0 a1 a2 ) ).
Defined.
Lemma isldistrfps ( R : commring ) ( s t u : fps R ) :
fpstimes R s ( fpsplus R t u ) =
fpsplus R ( fpstimes R s t ) ( fpstimes R s u ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold fpstimes.
unfold fpsplus.
change ((fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒
s x × (t (sub n x) + u ( sub n x)))) =
(fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒ s x × t (sub n x)) +
natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒ s x × u (sub n x)))).
apply funextfun.
intro upper.
assert ( natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒
s x × ( t ( sub upper x ) + u ( sub upper x ) ) ) =
natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒
( ( s x × t ( sub upper x ) ) +
( s x × u ( sub upper x ) ) ) ) ) as a0.
{ apply maponpaths.
apply funextfun.
intro n.
apply R.
}
assert ( natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒
( ( s x × t ( sub upper x ) ) +
( s x × u ( sub upper x ) ) ) ) =
natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ s x × t ( sub upper x ) ) +
natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ s x × u ( sub upper x ) ) ) as a1
by apply natsummationplusdistr.
exact ( pathscomp0 a0 a1 ).
Defined.
Lemma isrdistrfps ( R : commring ) ( s t u : fps R ) :
fpstimes R ( fpsplus R t u ) s =
fpsplus R ( fpstimes R t s ) ( fpstimes R u s ).
Proof.
intros.
unfold fpstimes.
unfold fpsplus.
change ((fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒ (t x + u x) × s ( sub n x ))) =
(fun n : nat ⇒ natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒ t x × s ( sub n x ) ) +
natsummation0 n (fun x : nat ⇒ u x × s ( sub n x ) ) ) ).
apply funextfun.
intro upper.
assert ( natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒
( t x + u x ) × s ( sub upper x ) ) =
natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒
( t x × s ( sub upper x ) ) +
( u x × s ( sub upper x ) ) ) ) as a0.
{ apply maponpaths.
apply funextfun.
intro n.
apply R.
}
assert ( natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒
( ( t x × s ( sub upper x ) ) +
( u x × s ( sub upper x ) ) ) ) =
natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ t x × s ( sub upper x ) ) +
natsummation0 upper ( fun x : nat ⇒ u x × s ( sub upper x ) ) ) as a1
by apply natsummationplusdistr.
exact ( pathscomp0 a0 a1 ).
Defined.
Definition fpsring ( R : commring ) :=
make_setwith2binop ( make_hSet ( seqson R ) ( isasetfps R ) )
( make_dirprod ( fpsplus R ) ( fpstimes R ) ).
Theorem fpsiscommring ( R : commring ) : iscommring ( fpsring R ).
Proof.
unfold iscommring.
unfold iscommringops.
split.
- unfold isringops.
split.
+ split.
× unfold isabgrop.
-- split.
++ exact ( isgropfpsplus R ).
++ exact ( iscommfpsplus R ).
× exact ( ismonoidopfpstimes R ).
+ unfold isdistr.
× split.
-- unfold isldistr.
intros.
apply ( isldistrfps R ).
-- unfold isrdistr.
intros.
apply ( isrdistrfps R ).
- unfold iscomm.
intros.
apply ( iscommfpstimes R ).
Defined.
Definition fpscommring ( R : commring ) : commring :=
make_commring ( fpsring R ) ( fpsiscommring R ).
Definition fpsshift { R : commring } ( a : fpscommring R ) : fpscommring R :=
fun n : nat ⇒ a ( S n ).
Lemma fpsshiftandmult { R : commring } ( a b : fpscommring R )
( p : b 0%nat = 0 ) :
∀ n : nat, ( a × b ) ( S n ) = ( a × ( fpsshift b ) ) n.
Proof.
intros.
induction n.
- change ( a × b ) with ( fpstimes R a b ).
change ( a × fpsshift b ) with ( fpstimes R a ( fpsshift b ) ).
unfold fpstimes.
unfold fpsshift.
simpl.
rewrite p.
rewrite ( ringmultx0 R ).
rewrite ( ringrunax1 R ).
apply idpath.
- change ( a × b ) with ( fpstimes R a b ).
change ( a × fpsshift b ) with ( fpstimes R a ( fpsshift b ) ).
unfold fpsshift.
unfold fpstimes.
change ( natsummation0 (S (S n)) (fun x : nat ⇒ a x × b (sub ( S (S n) ) x)) ) with
( natsummation0 ( S n ) ( fun x : nat ⇒
a x × b ( sub ( S ( S n ) ) x ) ) +
a ( S ( S n ) ) × b ( sub ( S ( S n ) ) ( S ( S n ) ) ) ).
rewrite minusnn0.
rewrite p.
rewrite ( ringmultx0 R ).
rewrite ringrunax1.
apply natsummationpathsupperfixed.
intros x j.
apply maponpaths.
apply maponpaths.
rewrite pathssminus.
+ apply idpath.
+ apply ( natlehlthtrans _ ( S n ) _ ).
× assumption.
× apply natlthnsn.
Defined.
Lemma apartbinarysum0 ( R : acommring ) ( a b : R ) ( p : a + b # 0 ) :
a # 0 ∨ b # 0.
Proof.
intros. intros P s.
use ( hinhuniv _ ( acommring_acotrans R ( a + b ) a 0 p ) ).
intro k.
destruct k as [ l | r ].
- apply s.
apply ii2.
assert ( a + b # a ) as l' by apply l.
assert ( ( a + b ) # ( a + 0 ) ) as l''.
{ rewrite ringrunax1.
assumption. }
apply ( pr1 ( acommring_aadd R ) a b 0 ).
assumption.
- apply s.
apply ii1.
assumption.
Defined.
Lemma apartnatsummation0 ( R : acommring ) ( upper : nat )
( f : nat → R ) ( p : ( natsummation0 upper f ) # 0 ) :
∃ n : nat, natleh n upper × f n # 0.
Proof.
revert f p. induction upper.
- simpl.
intros. intros P s.
apply s.
split with 0%nat.
split.
+ apply idpath.
+ assumption.
- intros. intros P s.
simpl in p.
use ( hinhuniv _ (apartbinarysum0 R _ _ p ) ).
intro k.
destruct k as [ l | r ].
+ use ( hinhuniv _ (IHupper f l ) ).
intro k.
destruct k as [ n ab ].
destruct ab as [ a b ].
apply s.
split with n.
split.
× apply ( istransnatleh( m := upper ) ).
-- assumption.
-- apply natlthtoleh.
apply natlthnsn.
× assumption.
+ apply s.
split with ( S upper ).
split.
apply isreflnatleh.
assumption.
Defined.
Definition fpsapart0 ( R : acommring ) : hrel ( fpscommring R ) :=
fun s t : fpscommring R ⇒ ∃ n : nat, s n # t n.
Definition fpsapart ( R : acommring ) : apart ( fpscommring R ).
Proof.
intros.
split with ( fpsapart0 R ).
split.
- intros s f.
assert ( hfalse ) as i.
{ use (hinhuniv _ f).
intro k.
destruct k as [ n p ].
apply (acommring_airrefl R ( s n ) p).
}
apply i.
- split.
+ intros s t p P j.
use (hinhuniv _ p).
intro k.
destruct k as [ n q ].
apply j.
split with n.
apply ( acommring_asymm R ( s n ) ( t n ) q ).
+ intros s t u p P j.
use (hinhuniv _ p).
intro k.
destruct k as [ n q ].
use ( hinhuniv _ (acommring_acotrans R ( s n ) ( t n ) ( u n ) q ) ).
intro l.
destruct l as [ l | r ].
× apply j.
apply ii1.
intros v V.
apply V.
split with n.
assumption.
× apply j.
apply ii2.
intros v V.
apply V.
split with n.
assumption.
Defined.
Lemma fpsapartisbinopapartplusl ( R : acommring ) :
isbinopapartl ( fpsapart R ) ( @op1 ( fpscommring R ) ).
Proof.
intros. intros a b c p. intros P s.
use (hinhuniv _ p).
intro k.
destruct k as [ n q ].
apply s.
change ( ( a + b ) n ) with ( ( a n ) + ( b n ) ) in q.
change ( ( a + c ) n ) with ( ( a n ) + ( c n ) ) in q.
split with n.
apply ( pr1 ( acommring_aadd R ) ( a n ) ( b n ) ( c n ) q ).
Defined.
Lemma fpsapartisbinopapartplusr ( R : acommring ) :
isbinopapartr ( fpsapart R ) ( @op1 ( fpscommring R ) ).
Proof.
intros. intros a b c p.
rewrite ( ringcomm1 ( fpscommring R ) ) in p.
rewrite ( ringcomm1 ( fpscommring R ) c ) in p.
apply ( fpsapartisbinopapartplusl _ a b c ).
assumption.
Defined.
Lemma fpsapartisbinopapartmultl ( R : acommring ) :
isbinopapartl ( fpsapart R ) ( @op2 ( fpsring R ) ).
Proof.
intros. intros a b c p. intros P s.
use (hinhuniv _ p).
intro k.
destruct k as [ n q ].
change ( ( a × b ) n ) with
( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ a x × b ( sub n x ) ) ) in q.
change ( ( a × c ) n ) with
( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ a x × c ( sub n x ) ) ) in q.
assert ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ ( a x × b ( sub n x ) -
( a x × c ( sub n x ) ) ) ) # 0 ) as q'.
{ assert ( natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ ( a x × b ( sub n x ) ) ) -
natsummation0 n ( fun x : nat ⇒ ( a x × c ( sub n x ) ) ) # 0 ) as q''.
{ apply aaminuszero. assumption. }
assert ( (fun x : nat ⇒ a x × b (sub n x) - a x × c ( sub n x)) =
(fun x : nat ⇒ a x × b ( sub n x) + ( - 1%ring ) ×
( a x × c ( sub n x)) ) ) as i.
{ apply funextfun.
intro x.
apply maponpaths.
rewrite <- ( ringmultwithminus1 R ).
apply idpath.
}
rewrite i.
rewrite natsummationplusdistr.
rewrite <- ( natsummationtimesdistr n ( fun x : nat ⇒ a x × c ( sub n x ) )
( - 1%ring ) ).
rewrite ( ringmultwithminus1 R ).
assumption.
}
use ( hinhuniv _ ( apartnatsummation0 R n _ q' ) ).
intro k.
destruct k as [ m g ].
destruct g as [ g g' ].
apply s.
split with ( sub n m ).
apply ( pr1 ( acommring_amult R ) ( a m )
( b ( sub n m ) ) ( c ( sub n m ) ) ).
apply aminuszeroa.
assumption.
Defined.
Lemma fpsapartisbinopapartmultr ( R : acommring ) :
isbinopapartr ( fpsapart R ) ( @op2 ( fpsring R ) ).
Proof.
intros. intros a b c p.
rewrite ( ringcomm2 ( fpscommring R ) ) in p.
rewrite ( ringcomm2 ( fpscommring R ) c ) in p.
apply ( fpsapartisbinopapartmultl _ a b c ).
assumption.
Defined.
Definition acommringfps ( R : acommring ) : acommring.
Proof.
intros.
split with ( fpscommring R ).
split with ( fpsapart R ).
split.
- split.
+ apply ( fpsapartisbinopapartplusl R).
+ apply ( fpsapartisbinopapartplusr R ).
- split.
+ apply ( fpsapartisbinopapartmultl R ).
+ apply ( fpsapartisbinopapartmultr R ).
Defined.
Definition isacommringapartdec ( R : acommring ) :=
isapartdec ( pr1 ( pr2 R ) ).
Lemma leadingcoefficientapartdec ( R : aintdom ) ( a : fpscommring R )
( is : isacommringapartdec R ) ( p : a 0%nat # 0 ) :
∀ n : nat, ∀ b : fpscommring R, ( b n # 0 ) →
acommringapartrel ( acommringfps R ) ( a × b ) 0.
Proof.
intros n.
induction n.
- intros b q. intros P s.
apply s.
split with 0%nat.
change ( ( a × b ) 0%nat ) with ( ( a 0%nat ) × ( b 0%nat ) ).
apply R; assumption.
- intros b q.
destruct ( is ( b 0%nat ) 0 ) as [ left | right ].
+ intros P s.
apply s.
split with 0%nat.
change ( ( a × b ) 0%nat ) with ( ( a 0%nat ) × ( b 0%nat ) ).
apply R; assumption.
+ assert ( acommringapartrel ( acommringfps R )
( a × ( fpsshift b ) ) 0 ) as j.
{ apply IHn.
unfold fpsshift.
assumption. }
use (hinhuniv _ j).
intro k.
destruct k as [ k i ].
intros P s.
apply s.
rewrite <- ( fpsshiftandmult a b right k ) in i.
split with ( S k ).
assumption.
Defined.
Lemma apartdecintdom0 ( R : aintdom ) ( is : isacommringapartdec R ) :
∀ n : nat, ∀ a b : fpscommring R, ( a n # 0 ) →
acommringapartrel ( acommringfps R ) b 0 →
acommringapartrel ( acommringfps R ) ( a × b ) 0.
Proof.
intros n.
induction n.
- intros a b p q.
use (hinhuniv _ q).
intros k.
destruct k as [ k k0 ].
apply ( leadingcoefficientapartdec R a is p k ).
assumption.
- intros a b p q.
destruct ( is ( a 0%nat ) 0 ) as [ left | right ].
+ use (hinhuniv _ q).
intros k.
destruct k as [ k k0 ].
apply ( leadingcoefficientapartdec R a is left k ).
assumption.
+ assert ( acommringapartrel ( acommringfps R ) ( ( fpsshift a ) × b ) 0 ) as i.
{ apply IHn.
× unfold fpsshift.
assumption.
× assumption.
}
use (hinhuniv _ i).
intros k.
destruct k as [ k k0 ].
intros P s.
apply s.
split with ( S k ).
rewrite ringcomm2.
rewrite fpsshiftandmult.
× rewrite ringcomm2.
assumption.
× assumption.
Defined.
Theorem apartdectoisaintdomfps ( R : aintdom )
( is : isacommringapartdec R ) : aintdom.
Proof.
revert is.
split with ( acommringfps R ).
split.
- intros P s.
apply s.
split with 0%nat.
change ( @ringunel1 ( fpscommring R ) 0%nat ) with ( @ringunel1 R ).
change ( @ringunel2 R # ( @ringunel1 R ) ).
apply R.
- intros a b p q.
use (hinhuniv _ p).
intro n.
destruct n as [ n n0 ].
apply ( apartdecintdom0 R is n); assumption.
Defined.
Close Scope ring_scope.
END OF FILE